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Vietnamese, like many languages in Southeast Asia, is an analytic (and isolating) language. Vietnamese lacks morphological marking of case, gender, number, and tense (and, as a result, has no finite/nonfinite distinction).〔Comparison note: As such its grammar relies on word order and sentence structure rather than morphology (in which word changes through inflection). Whereas European languages tend to use morphology to express tense, Vietnamese uses grammatical particles or syntactic constructions.〕 ==Overview== Vietnamese is often erroneously considered to be a "monosyllabic" language. Vietnamese words may consist of one or more syllables. There is a tendency for words to have two syllables (disyllabic) with perhaps 80% of the lexicon being disyllabic. Some words have three or four syllables — many polysyllabic words are formed by reduplicative derivation. Additionally, a Vietnamese word may consist of a single morpheme or more than one morpheme. Polymorphemic words are either compound words or words consisting of stems plus affixes or reduplicants.〔The ''reduplicant'' is the reduplicated part that is copied from the base. Reduplicants are similar in form to affixes.〕 Most Vietnamese morphemes consist of only one syllable.〔An exception to this may be demonstratives like ''đây'' "here", ''nầy'' "this", ''đấy'' "there", ''nấy'' "that", etc., which may be analyzed as consisting of the following sub-syllabic morphemes: ''đ-'' "nominal deictic", ''n-'' "noun modifier deictic", ''-ây~-ầy'' "proximal", ''-ấy'' "medial", etc. (See the demonstrative section in the syntax article.)〕 Polysyllabic morphemes tend to be borrowings from other languages. Examples follow: : Most words are created by either compounding or reduplicative derivation. Affixation is a relatively minor derivational process. Older styles of Vietnamese writing wrote polysyllabic words with hyphens separating the syllables, as in ''cào-cào'' "grasshopper", ''sinh-vật-học'' "biology", or ''cà-phê'' "coffee". Spelling reform proposals have suggested writing these words without spaces (for example, the above would be ''càocào'', ''sinhvậthọc'', ''càphê''). However, the prevailing practice (although considered careless to some) is to omit hyphens and write all polysyllabic words with a space between each syllable. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vietnamese morphology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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